Boot with GRUB | Linux Journal. GRUB: it's neither larva, fast food nor. GNU herd of free software.
The options used in Listing 1 are: The boot= line tells LILO where to install the boot loader. In the previous example, this will install it to the MBR of first hard. Both GRuB 1 and GRUB4DOS can be installed without GNU/Linux. GRuB 1: Make sure you mave '/boot/grub/*' files (mainly 'stage2') in some partition accessible from GRuB 1.
- Overview of the installation procedure OpenBSD has long been respected for its simple and straightforward installation process, which is very consistent across all.
- Article about how to setup and configure GRUB bootloader with multiple operating systems.
1. set prefix=(hdX,Y)/boot/grub Use the values determined earlier. Example: If the Ubuntu system is on sda5, enter: set prefix=(hd0,5)/boot/grub 2.* set root=(hdX,Y. Installation of GRUB is a two-step process. The first step is to install or build GRUB in a host OS environment, and for this we will, of course, use Linux. That is it. Grub will be installed to the mbr. When you reboot, you will have the grub menu at startup. Now the explanation. Sudo grub gets you the grub shell. First Look Differences: GRUB vs GRUB 2 At first boot, there will not be much difference in what the user sees on the boot menu. The one exception is a clean install.
Rather. GRUB is the GNU GRand Unified Bootloader. And, it is truly the.
![Man Grub-install Examples Man Grub-install Examples](http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-lpic1-102-2/lilo-boot.jpg)
Linux and practically any other. OS—open source or otherwise—you may have scattered on your. GRUB is independent of any particular operating system and. OS. The purpose of.
GRUB kernel is to recognize filesystems and load boot images. The command- line interface in particular. GRUB is in its element with the multiboot, multidisk systems. Linux and open- source adventurers who may simultaneously. Linux distributions, the BSDs, GNU/Hurd, Be.
OS. and perhaps that vestigial partition for Mr. Bill. Even if you. LILO as your system's primary boot loader, it's smart to. GRUB boot floppy handy as the best and fastest way to get. MBR). If you have done any number of multiboot installations, you. I'm talking about. Should you need any more.
GRUB, check out the sidebar, “Why GRUB”. Let's get started! Installation. Installation of GRUB is a two- step process. The first step is.
GRUB in a host OS environment, and for this we. Linux. The second step is to install and. GRUB as the boot loader for your system. The first step is the usual: download the source archive.
Assuming you have found a. This should create the executables. GNU information. manual and man pages.
For the second step of installation, we will first build and. GRUB boot floppy. This way we can use GRUB to learn. After getting comfortable with the GRUB setup on.
MBR of the system's first. Even if you decide not to install GRUB on your hard disk. GRUB boot. floppy available to rescue systems with trashed boot.
Preparing a GRUB floppy. GRUB recognizes a number of different filesytem types. Linux ext. 2fs, Reiser, MINIX, BSD's ffs, as well as FAT.
GRUB boot floppy with any of these. We will stick to FAT for this example, however.
OSes have. tools for mounting and reading/writing files on FAT floppies. That. way, we will always be able to get to its menu configuration file. Scrounge around in your junk drawer for some unused floppy (a.
FAT. fdformat /dev/fd. We are going to put some files on this disk, so go ahead and. I use /floppy). mount - t msdos /dev/fd. Now install the directories and files GRUB will need. The floppy can then be unmounted, umount. The GRUB floppy is.
GRUB boot loader in the MBR of the floppy itself. For that, we. will use the grub executable we have built with our Linux.
Start the executable at the Linux command prompt. This brings up an emulator of GRUB's command shell.
Figure 1. We will discuss the. For now. enter the following series of commands at the grub prompt.
And that's it! This sequence of commands completes the. GRUB on the floppy disk. It is now bootable and. OS on our system.
Open. BSD FAQ: Installation Guide. Overview of the installation procedure. Open. BSD has long been respected for its simple and straightforward. You are urged to read the platform- specific INSTALL document in the. CD- ROM or mirror sites. For example, i. 38. INSTALL. i. 38. 6 or sparc/INSTALL.
The Open. BSD installer is a special kernel available on. CD- ROM images for creating a bootable CD- ROM. XX. iso is for just booting, while install.
XX. iso is for. the entire install. Raw disk images for creating bootable USB drives. XX. fs is for just booting, while install. XX. fs. is for the entire install.
Existing partition. The RAM disk kernel can be booted off an already. Some platforms support booting over a network, for example using. PXE or other. network boot. Images for making bootable floppies.
Not every platform supports all boot options. CD- ROM, network, writing a floppy image to hard disk, floppy. CD- ROM, miniroot, network, floppy. Varies by machine. CD- ROM, miniroot, network, floppy. Miniroot, installed using another computer. Miniroot, existing OS partition.
CD- ROM, network. CD- ROM, network. CD- ROM, network, writing image to existing swap partition, floppy. CD- ROM, network, writing image to existing partition, floppy (U1/U2 only). Boot bsd. rd from Linux partition. See INSTALL. zaurus for more details.
All platforms can use bsd. Once the install kernel is booted, you have several options of where to get. Again, not every platform supports every option. Of course, we prefer you use the. CD- ROM set, but you can also use. XX. iso or you can make your own.
Either one of the Open. BSD mirror sites. Local disk partition.
In many cases, you can install file sets from another partition on a local. For example, on i. FAT. partition or a CD- ROM formatted in ISO 9. Rock Ridge or Joliet format. In some cases, you will have to manually mount the file system before using. Some platforms support using NFS mounts for the file sets.
Pre- installation checklist. Before you start, you should have some idea what you want to end up with. You will want to know the following items, at least. Hardware installed and available.
Verify compatibility with your platform's hardware compatibility page. If ISA, you also need to know hardware settings, and confirm they are. Open. BSD requires. Install method to be used. Should an important bug be found, how will the system be patched?
If done locally, you will need to have. Otherwise, you will need access to another machine to build a patched. Desired disk layout.
Does existing data need to be saved elsewhere? Will Open. BSD coexist on this system with another OS?
If so, how will each system be booted? Will you need to install a boot manager? Will the entire disk be used for Open. BSD, or do you want to. OS (or space for a future one)? How do you wish to sub- partition the Open. BSD part of your disk?
Network settings, if not using DHCP. Domain name. Domain Name Server(s) (DNS) address. IP addresses and subnet masks for each NIC. Gateway address. Will you be running the X Window System?
Do you want to set up full disk. Before creating install media, verify the. Consult INSTALL.< plat> if the instructions below are insufficient.
As an example, these are the installation images available for the. XX. iso is an ISO 9. CD with most popular CD- ROM creation software on most platforms. This image has the widest selection of drivers, and is usually the. CD- ROM. The install file sets are not included and need to be pulled down from the. XX. fs is a disk image that can be written to a.
USB flash drive, and booted for the install. As in cd. XX. iso, the install file sets are not included. XX. iso much like cd. XX. iso, but also. This file can be used to create a CD that can do a stand- alone. Open. BSD install.
XX. fs much like miniroot. XX. fs, but also. XX. fs supports many older machines that lack. CD- ROMs. A bootable USB flash drive can be created by attaching the target device and. Using Open. BSD, assuming the device was recognized as sd. Details of this will vary on other platforms.
Note that the raw I/O device is used in its entirety. In some Linux variants, the entire seventh sd disk would be. You can create a CD- ROM using the cd. XX. iso or install. XX. iso. In Open. BSD, use cdio(1). Floppies. Creating floppies in Open.
BSD can be done with. A similar process can be used on other Unix platforms. Booting Open. BSD install media.
Booting i. 38. 6/amd. Booting install media on the i. PC platforms is nothing new to most.
Your system will have to be instructed to boot from whatever media you have. BIOS setup option. If you want to boot from CD or a USB device, your system BIOS must be able to. Some machines are buggy with regard to booting from USB devices. BIOS update may help.
You can also install by booting bsd. Open. BSD partition, or over the network using the. PXE boot process. Booting sparc/sparc.
NOTE. On the sparc. SBus. machines (Ultra 1, Ultra 2) are bootable from floppy. You will need the system to be at a monitor ROM prompt, which typically looks. If you are using a Sun keyboard, press and hold STOP while tapping. If using a serial console, a BREAK should return you to the monitor. Use the following commands to boot from a floppy or a CD- ROM.
Performing a simple install. The installer is designed to install Open. BSD in a very usable default. In fact, you can often just hit < Enter> to get a good Open. BSD. install, moving your hands to the rest of the keyboard only to enter the. The installer will create a partitioning plan based on the size of your. While this will not be a perfect layout for all people, it provides a.
Installation notes for each platform are on the install CDs and the mirrors. INSTALL.< plat> , where < plat> is your. Whatever your means of booting is, it is now time to use it. When your boot is successful, you will see a lot of text messages scroll by.
This text is the dmesg(8). After the dmesg(8), you will see the. W, kill ^U, intr ^C, status ^T. Welcome to the Open. BSD/i. 38. 6 X. X installation program. I)nstall, (U)pgrade, (A)utoinstall or (S)hell?
Choose (I)nstall and follow the instructions. What files are needed for installation? The complete Open. BSD installation is broken up into a number of file sets. New users are recommended to install all of them. RAM disk kernelbase. XX. tgz. - the base Open.
BSD system (required)comp. XX. tgz. - the compiler collection, headers and libraries. X1. 1 (requires xshare.
XX. tgz). - fonts used by X1. X1. 1's X servers.
X1. 1's man pages, locale settings, includes. Why do I have to install X for my non- graphical. Some libraries from xbase. XX. tgz, like freetype or fontconfig, can be.
X by programs that manipulate text or graphics. Such programs will usually need fonts, either from xfont. XX. tgz or. For the sake of simplicity, the developers decided against maintaining a minimal. XX. tgz set that would allow most non- X ports to run.
The xserv. XX. tgz set is rarely needed if you don't intend to run X. I don't want to install the compilers. Ok, don't, but please don't tell yourself this is for security reasons. By the time someone is far enough into your system that the presence or. However, the comp. XX. tgz file set is relatively big and has a lot of.
On slow or small systems, this can matter. How should I partition my disk? Open. BSD can be installed in as little as 5. MB, but using that small of a device. Until you have some experience, 8. GB or more disk space is recommended.
Unlike many other OSs, Open. BSD encourages users to partition their disk into a. Some of the reasons for doing so are. You can mark some filesystems with. A user or a misbehaved program can fill a filesystem with garbage if they. Your critical programs, which hopefully run on a different filesystem. A filesystem which gets written to frequently may get somewhat fragmented.
Luckily, the Open. BSD FFS filesystem is not prone to heavy fragmentation. If one filesystem is corrupted for some reason then your other filesystems. OK. You can mount partitions that you never or rarely need to write to as.
Read the section on automatic disc allocation in the. Additional thoughts on partitioning. For experimenting, one big / partition and swap may be. By doing this, you will be sacrificing some of the default security features. Open. BSD that require separate filesystems for /, /tmp. You do not have to allocate all space when you set the system up.
If you outgrow a partition, you can allocate a new partition from your. Then duplicate your existing partition to the. If you make your partitions too close to the minimum size required, you. If you make very large partitions, keep in mind that performing. MB of RAM per gigabyte of filesystem size. A /home partition can be nice. New version of the OS?
Wipe and reload everything else, leave your /home partition. Remember to save a copy of your configuration files. You may also want to create an /altroot partition, as.
FAQ. A system exposed to the Internet or other hostile forces should have a. If you permit users to write to /var/www (personal web pages).
If you wish to build the system from source, you. Create separate partitions for them or make sure /usr is. Compiling some ports from source. This is another reason we suggest using. At least some editors use /tmp for scratch space, and. If you plan on editing 5.
MB files, your /tmp partition will. Sending your dmesg after the install.
A quote from /usr/src/etc/root/root. If you wish to ensure that Open. BSD runs better on your machines, please do us. Sony VAIO 5. 05. R laptop, apm works OK" dmesg@openbsd. As shown. including a bit of information about your machine in the subject or the body. We will use this information to improve device driver. Please do this using the supplied GENERIC kernel.
GENERIC. kernel. If you have a multi- processor machine, dmesg results of both GENERIC. MP. and GENERIC kernels are appreciated.) The device driver information we get from. Thank you! Alternatively, save your dmesg output to a text file.
Since the dmesg output you send in is processed automatically, be sure to.